The Variation of Qu Yuan’s Image in Hawkes’ Translation of Li Sao
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chu Ci, as the first anthology of poems in the south of China, possesses unshakeable status in Chinese literature. In Chu Ci , the most popular poetry is Li Sao, written by Qu Yuan in the late period of the Warring States of ancient China. The translated versions have been repeatedly reprinted by different publishers. Hawkes’ English version of Li Sao is widely regarded as a classic in the history of the translation of Chinese literature. This article analyzes the variation of Qu Yuan’s image by collecting 88 Chinese expressions of Qu Yuan’s image in the source text and relevant translation in Hawkes’ English version. The results present that Qu Yuan is less loyal, more confident and less romantic in Hawkes’ English version of Li Sao . We explore the various factors for the image variation in the translation, concerning the influence of the translator, the historic context of translation and the source text, the purpose of translation; in the meanwhile, Hawkes’ translation will be evaluated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".