Behavioural and eco-physiological responses of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to acidification and distinct feeding regimes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean is increasing as levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide increase, thus lowering the ocean pH and altering the carbonate system. In this laboratory study, we evaluated the physiological responses of juvenile mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from Galician waters (NW Iberian Peninsula) exposed to control (500 µatm) and elevated (800 or 1200 µatm) seawater pCO2 conditions under 2 different feeding regimes (optimal and suboptimal). Shell properties such as compressive strength and composition (organic matter and aragonite:calcite ratio) were negatively affected by high seawater pCO2, regardless of food availability. This result suggests that water chemistry is a main driver for shell development. Under the optimal feeding regime, mussel feeding rates increased in response to elevated pCO2, presumably as a strategy to maintain a high strength of attachment. In contrast, mussels on the suboptimal diet showed weak attachment and narrow valve opening at the highest pCO2 condition. Thus, our results suggest that with optimal food availability, mussels were resilient to water acidification with respect to feeding activity, valve opening and attachment strength. Under a suboptimal diet, however, the ability of mussels to respond to acidification was compromised. These results highlight complex ecophysiological interactions for calcifying organisms subjected to climate change
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".