Bulk-Sensitive X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Free of Self-Absorption
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada(Dated: January 12, 2010)We demonstrate a new method of x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) that is bulk sensitive,like traditional uorescence yield measurements, but is not a ected by self-absorption or saturatione ects. This measure of XAS is achieved by scanning the incident photon energy through anabsorption edge and using an energy sensitive photon detector to measure the partial uorescenceyield (PFY). The x-ray emission from any element or core-hole excitation that is not resonant withthe absorption edge under investigation is selected from the PFY. It is found that the inverse of thisPFY spectrum, which we term inverse partial uorescence yield (IPFY), is linearly proportionalto the x-ray absorption cross-section without any corrections due to saturation or self-absorptione ects. We demonstrate this technique on the Cu L
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".