On the relationship between export and economic growth: A nonparametric causality-in-quantiles approach for Turkey
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study re-examines the dynamic causal relationship between exports and economic growth in Turkey for the period from 1960 to 2018. Unlike the previous studies ignoring the presence of the potential nonlinearities in the relationship between the series; we apply a novel nonparametric causality-in-quantile methodology that relaxes the restrictive assumption of linearity and provides more reliable and inclusive inference in the causal nexus between the variables. Using the nonlinearity test, we show that the absence of causality linkages based on the linear framework is subject to a misspecification error. However, by employing the causality-in-quantiles test, we find evidence of positive causation from economic growth to export growth at low- and high-quantile ranges of export growth. Our findings highlight the emphasis on the modelling of nonlinear interactions between the variables as well as the consideration of the entire conditional distribution to avoid the risk of misleading inferences on the causality analysis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it