Two methods for rearing the striped flea beetle <i>Phyllotreta striolata</i> (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) under laboratory conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of canola (Brassica Linnaeus, Brassicaceae) on the Canadian prairies. The previously published methods to rear striped flea beetles under laboratory conditions are not sufficient to maintain laboratory colonies over a sustained period of time. Here, we describe two methods to rear striped flea beetles in the laboratory. The first method produces both immature stages and adult flea beetles using Napa cabbage (Brassica napa subsp. pekinensis (Loureiro) Hanelt) and canola as food sources. Beetles reared using this method produced an average of 9.7 ± 4.5 eggs, had a juvenile development period of between 26 and 33 days, and had an adult longevity between 17 and 55 days. Between 62% and 90% of the colony-reared eggs resulted in the successful development to an adult beetle. The second method uses canola as the only host, and facilitates easy access to high quantities of adult beetles. This method resulted in a six-fold to nine-fold increase in adult numbers per generation. Developmental time from adult to adult ranged from 25 to 30 days. Our two methods facilitated rearing striped flea beetles for several generations in the laboratory with or without hibernation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".