130 Young Scholar Presentation: Can exogenous carbohydrase supplementation to higher-fiber diets improve gut function, microbiota, and growth performance of weaned pigs?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract There is increasing interest in feeding higher-fiber coproducts to weaned pigs due to their potential benefits on gut function and microbiota. However, young pigs are not efficient at utilizing fibrous coproducts. Exogenous carbohydrases can be used to improve nutrient utilization and growth of pigs fed higher levels of coproducts. Previous results regarding the impact of carbohydrases on performance in pigs have been inconsistent, thus a better understanding of associated mechanisms is needed. Using 460 weaned pigs (6.4 ± 0.1 kg), our first study showed that a carbohydrase enzyme blend (EB) improved ADG of weaned pigs fed higher-fiber diets (with added DDGS and wheat middlings) over a 28-d experimental period (P < 0.05). Pigs fed EB-supplemented diets had lower urinary lactulose:mannitol ratio, decreased plasma IL-8 concentration, and greater ileal CLDN3 (claudin 3) mRNA abundance, compared with those fed diets without EB (P < 0.05). These changes may partly explain the improved growth, providing mode of action evidence for carbohydrase in improving performance of weaned pigs. Carbohydrases may also exert prebiotic effects through release of oligosaccharides from fiber degradation. Thus, carbohydrases and dietary fiber may improve disease resilience of young pigs against bacterial infections, for example, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) induced post-weaning diarrhea. Our second study evaluated the impact of soluble versus insoluble fiber with or without carbohydrases in newly weaned pigs (n = 60; 6.9 ± 0.07 kg) challenged with F18 ETEC. A diet containing a soluble and highly fermentable fiber from sugar beet pulp with added carbohydrases improved (P < 0.05) ADG, tended to increase (P < 0.10) ileal OCLN (occludin) mRNA, increased (P < 0.05) colonic OCLN mRNA, and tended to decrease (P < 0.10) ileal Escherichia-Shigella compared with ETEC-challenged control. Collectively, appropriate use of exogenous carbohydrases in higher-fiber diets (with the right type and amount of enzyme substrate) is promising in improving gut health and growth performance in weaned pigs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.123 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".