Effectiveness Of Air Curtains As Thermal And Smoke Barrier Against High Gradients Of Flow Parameters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to investigate air curtains as an effective thermal and aerosol barrier against high gradient of flow parameters generated by a typical fire incident. The numerical investigations are conducted by solving Navier-Stokes equations in Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). A clothing store of 12 m 2 floor area with a fire of 1528 kW/m 2 heat release rate per unit area (HRRPUA), at the furthest corner from the door, is considered as the source of high thermal and pressure gradients inside the store. The only means of ventilation for the current study, is an air curtain of 0.91 m length placed at the door at 2.13 m height from the floor. The air curtain's injection velocity, injection angle, flow rate and cross-sectional area of the flow channel are systematically varied for optimum sealing performance. The change in temperature profile and aerosol particle concentration with and without air curtain, and air curtain effectiveness E, are measured. Result suggests, the injection velocity and injection angle are the key parameters in preventing the heat and mass transfer across air curtains. The twin jet design, a commercially available feature for air curtains, is found to be less effective up to pitch ratio of 4 compared to that of a single jet design for restraining heat and mass transfer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".