Labial Melanotic Macules in Atopic Dermatitis: An Observational Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: Labial melanotic macules (LMMs) are benign hyperpigmented macules of unknown etiology. They can affect one or both lips. Their description in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is limited in the published literature. Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe the clinical characteristics of LMMs developing in Canadian patients with AD. Methods: This observational retrospective study was conducted in the period from November 2012 to March 2014. All patients with AD and lip pigmentation were included. Data collected included demographics and other information including AD clinical features, presence or absence of cheilitis, and lip pigmentation characteristics. Results: A total of 27 patients with LMMs and AD were enrolled. The condition was more common in females with a female: male ratio of 2.4:1. The median age at presentation was 16 years, and a majority of patients were Asian and had a prior history of cheilitis. There was a strong correlation between the duration of cheilitis and duration of LMMs (ρ =0.735, P = 0.001). Lesions presented as oval or round light-to-dark brown macules with a smooth border. The majority of patients (93%) had multiple LMMs and had involvement of both lips. Conclusion: Multiple LMMs are seen in Asian patients with AD and are associated with preceding cheilitis. LMMs secondary to AD should be considered among the differential diagnosis of lip pigmentation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".