Organellar Calcium Handling in the Cellular Reticular Network
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ca 2+ is an important intracellular messenger affecting diverse cellular processes.In eukaryotic cells, Ca 2+ is handled by a myriad of Ca 2+ -binding proteins found in organelles that are organized into the cellular reticular network (CRN).The network is comprised of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, membranous components of the endocytic and exocytic pathways, peroxisomes, and the nuclear envelope.Membrane contact sites between the different components of the CRN enable the rapid movement of Ca 2+ , and communication of Ca 2+ status, within the network.Ca 2+ -handling proteins that reside in the CRN facilitate Ca 2+ sensing, buffering, and cellular signaling to coordinate the many processes that operate within the cell. INTRACELLULAR Ca 2+ DYNAMICS AND THE CELLULAR RETICULAR NETWORKC a 2+ is a universal signaling ion involved in the regulation of numerous processes throughout the lifetime of the cell and the organism (Krebs et al. 2015;Berridge 2016).Inside the cell, the resting free Ca 2+ concentration and Ca 2+ -signaling pathways must be tightly regulated because of the integral role of Ca 2+ in nearly all aspects of cell physiology (Baumann and Walz 2001;Groenendyk et al. 2013;Krebs et al. 2015;Nunes-Hasler and Demaurex 2017;Prudent and McBride 2017).Cytoplasmic Ca 2+ is maintained at a resting concentration that is two to three orders of magnitude lower than the extracellular free Ca 2+ concentration (Krebs et al. 2015;Berridge 2016).This markedly lower cytoplasmic free Ca 2+ concentration is maintained by action of Ca 2+ -handling proteins and the reticular network of intracellular membrane systems (Fig. 1) that comprise the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, membranous components of the endocytic pathway, peroxisomes, and nuclear envelope (Prins and Michalak 2011;Krebs et al. 2015;Berridge 2016).This intracellular network of specialized membrane systems, the cellular reticular network (CRN), is linked together to facilitate and coordinate cellular function.The organelles of the CRN accumulate and store Ca 2+ and maintain the Ca 2+ stores at a higher concentration (mM) than that of cytoplasmic Ca 2+ .The ER is the dominating com-
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".