Late Pleistocene Fish Remains from the Rurubu River, Tanzania
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A collection of fish bones was recovered from upper Pleistocene (Gamblian) deposits near the confluence of the Kagera and Rurubu rivers in Tanzania, west of Lake Victoria. The Rurubu/Kagera bones include two families: the Clariidae (Clarias gariepinus, Clarias sp.) and Cichlidae (tribes Oreochromini, Haplochromini; Oreochromis sp.). Geological, paleontological, and molecular data presented here provide new insights into Pleistocene eastern African biogeography and into the evolution and past affiliations of the Rurubu/Kagera and Lake Victoria fish taxa. The data indicate that the Rurubu/Kagera taxa were descended from Miocene-aged populations in the Congo and/or Nile rivers. Data also suggest that the Rurubu/Kagera haplochromines may have been part of a shared Kagera River/Lake Victoria basin haplochromine clade, whose later members radiated into hundreds of species in Lake Victoria over the past approximately 15,000 years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".