Homelessness in Adults With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Calgary, Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Homelessness is uncommon, but is frequently a characteristic in adults with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). In Calgary, homeless persons comprise approximately 0.2% of the population. We evaluated the relationship of homelessness and IPD in Calgary. METHODS: Demographic, clinical and microbiologic data were collected by the Calgary Streptococcus pneumoniae Epidemiology Research (CASPER) team through prospective, population-based surveillance of all IPD cases. Here, we report on cases in adults (≥18 years) from 2000-2016. RESULTS: Of 1,729 IPD cases, 321 (18.8%) occurred in homeless persons. Compared with non-homeless persons, homeless persons were younger, more often male, smokers, alcohol-abusers, illegal drug users, and had a primary diagnosis of pneumonia. In multivariable models of outcomes, homeless persons had lower odds of being admitted to ICU (OR 0.7, P=0.02) and lower odds of death (OR 0.6, P=0.146). IPD caused by serotypes 4, 5, or 8, which have caused outbreaks in Calgary, was more common in homeless persons (54.4% vs 21.0%, p<0.001). In addition, regardless of homeless status, persons with IPD caused by serotypes 4, 5, or 8 had lower odds of ICU admission and mortality (OR 0.7, p=0.017 and OR 0.4, p=0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Homelessness is overrepresented in IPD cases in Calgary, despite most homeless persons having fewer risk factors than the overall population of persons with IPD. Most cases are caused by serotypes in both the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine and the 13-valent conjugate vaccine. Thus, enhanced efforts are needed to deliver both vaccines to this vulnerable population.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it