Electrochemical Transformation of Facet‐Controlled BiOI into Mesoporous Bismuth Nanosheets for Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to Formic Acid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Mesoporous bismuth nanosheets are prepared through electrochemical transformation of (100)‐facet exposed BiOI. Theoretical modeling and calculations are used to simulate the in situ morphological transformation of BiOI into Bi. Mesoporous Bi nanosheets show superior electrochemical CO 2 reduction performance. A faradaic efficiency of 95.9 % at −0.77 V RHE for the conversion of CO 2 into formic acid, is achieved for the mesoporous Bi nanosheet catalyst compared with 93.8 % at −0.87 V RHE for the smooth Bi nanosheets. Tafel analysis and DFT calculations indicate that the electrochemical CO 2 reduction on mesoporous Bi nanosheets is kinetically faster with a higher resistance to H 2 generation than that on smooth Bi(001) nanosheets. The CO 2 ‐to‐HCOOH pathway is preferred through formation of an *OCHO intermediate on the (012) and (001) planes of Bi. The mesoporous structure induces a more accessible interaction with CO 2 , which makes a predominant contribution to the enhanced performance compared with the subsequent CO 2 activation on different facets of Bi.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".