Infectious agents and gene expression differ between sockeye salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>) smolt age classes but do not predict migration survival
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In some salmonid populations, multiple smolt age classes co-emigrate owing to variation in the duration of freshwater residence. While it is assumed that smolts prolong freshwater residence to maximize survival, infectious agent profiles and host gene expression (GE) have not been compared between concurrently migrating age classes. We coupled molecular assays of gill samples from nonlethally biopsied Chilko Lake sockeye salmon smolts with acoustic telemetry to study variation in infectious agent profiles and GE between age classes and survival groups. Although neither infectious agent profiles or GE were associated with survival, age-2 smolts exhibited higher mortality in the first 14 km of the downstream migration. There were measurable differences between the age classes in GE and the prevalence and load of “Candidatus Branchiomonas cysticola”, a bacterium commonly found in British Columbia salmonids. Relative to age-1 smolts, age-2 smolts displayed elevated GE related to inflammation and a molecular-based mortality-related signature. Although not associated with migration failure in this study, these patterns of GE are suggestive of mortality and could have implications for smolt survival.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".