A guidance document for mine closure and management of long-term liabilities – examining a policy framework in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper provides a summary of a recent guidance document published by the National Orphaned/Abandoned Mines Initiative (NOAMI), which examines a policy framework in Canada for regulation of mine reclamation and closure, including the management of long term liabilities and transfer of care and custody of closed mine sites back to the Crown. The guidance document provides recommendations for the development of a modern regulatory framework dealing with these matters. NOAMI was created by the Federal, Provincial and Territorial Ministers of Mines for Canada in 2002. The NOAMI Advisory Committee brings together a multi-stakeholder group representing governments, the mining industry, mining associations, environmental organisations and Aboriginal Canadians. It is a unique organisation globally focused on the issue of orphaned/abandoned mine sites. NOAMI assesses key abandoned mine issues and recommends to the Mines Ministers of Canada actions, collaborative approaches and partnerships toward remediation of existing abandoned mines and minimising the incidence of further abandoned mines in Canada. NOAMI has developed several guiding principles, one of which relates directly to the subject matter of this paper; “Work toward eliminating future abandonment must continue, including the tightening of regulatory approaches”. The guidance document is based on a survey of all Canadian mining jurisdictions and several key international ones. The guidance document provides a plain language, readable text for use as a reference document for citizen groups and for those mining jurisdictions in Canada contemplating new policy and regulatory development in these areas. It examines the main components related to mine closure and post-closure site management and it considers provisions for long-term monitoring and maintenance. Options are presented whereby mining jurisdictions may accept mining lands back to the Crown. Topics covered in the guidance document include closure objectives, closure plans, financial assurance, post closure care, return of sites to the Crown, custodial care and consultation. The paper suggests the key elements of a modern policy framework and makes recommendations related to the return of mining properties to the Crown.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.022 | 0.042 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.019 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.015 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".