CO <sub>2</sub> emissions converge in China and G7 countries? Further evidence from Fourier quantile unit root test
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
G7 countries and China are considered not only the biggest energy producers globally but also the largest CO 2 emission groups of countries among the world. In this study, we apply the Fourier quantile unit root test to investigate whether CO 2 emissions converge in China and G7 countries using per capita CO 2 emissions data over 1950–2013. While traditional unit root test results indicate that per capita CO 2 emissions do not converge among these G7 countries and China, empirical results from the Fourier quantile unit root test point out that the CO 2 emissions did converge in Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Although the results of this study do not find strong CO 2 emission convergence in the other five countries (i.e., Canada, France, Japan, the United States, and China), the CO 2 emissions did converge in certain quantiles for these five countries. Our empirical results have important policy implications for the governments of G7 countries and China to implement the effective energy policy to reduce the CO 2 emissions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it