The Vitamin D Content of a High‐Fat Diet Modulates Brain Reward Neurochemistry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with increased consumption and preference for palatable foods as well as reduced blood levels of 25[OH]D 3, which has been linked to altered dopaminergic and serotonergic signalling in the brain. The effect of vitamin D on high fat diet induced changes in brain reward systems is unknown. Objective To determine if vitamin D plays a role in modulating hedonic regulation of food intake in the brain in response to chronic consumption of a high fat diet. Methods and Design Male Wistar rats at 21 days of age were fed ad libitum for 14 weeks a high‐fat diet (60 kcal% fat) containing either: 1) the recommended amount (1,000 IU/kg diet) of vitamin D 3 (HF‐RD) or 2) high vitamin D 3 (HF‐HD, 7‐fold increase of the recommended amount). Rats fed a normal‐fat diet with the recommended amount of vitamin D 3 (NF‐RD, 16 kcal% from fat) served as control. Body weight, food intake, serum 25[OH]D 3, and concentrations of dopamine (DA), 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), serotonin (5‐HT), 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) were measured in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and β‐endorphin in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). DA and 5‐HT turnover rates were calculated by the ratio of their primary metabolites DOPAC to DA and 5‐HIAA to 5‐HT respectively, and used as an index of dopamine/serotonin transmission. Results The HF‐RD group consumed more calories and gained more weight than the NF‐RD group as well as exhibited increased DA (48%, P< 0.05), DOPAC (330%, P< 0.05), dopamine turnover (195%, P< 0.05), 5‐HT (85%, P< 0.05), 5‐HIAA (51%, P< 0.05), and lower serotonin turnover (16%, P <0.05) in NAc. VTA levels of β‐endorphin were lower (46%, P< 0.05) in the HF‐RD group compared to the NF‐RD. Supplementation of a HF diet with high vitamin D 3 for 14 weeks resulted in a 3‐fold increase ( P< 0.05) in serum 25[OH]D 3 and reduction (≈30%, P< 0.05) in DOPAC levels and dopamine turnover compared to the HF‐RD group, but had no statistically significant effect on food intake, body weight, 5‐HT, 5‐HIAA, serotonin turnover rate or β‐endorphin levels in the brain. Conclusion The vitamin D content of a high‐fat diet modulates brain reward neurochemistry and may be a factor in neurotransmitter‐mediated regulation of the reward‐seeking behaviors. Support or Funding Information Canadian Institute of Health Research, Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes (CIHR‐INMD), Reference MOP‐130286.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".