Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (<i>MMP2</i>) polymorphism, <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (HP) infection and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) risk
Bibliographic record
Abstract
10553 Background: Epidemiologic studies suggest that HP infection protects against EA risk, as HP-mediated chronic atrophic gastritis reduces acid reflux. Genetic variations may modify the host response to HP infection and alter this risk. MMP2 expression is commonly upregulated in HP infections. We hypothesize that a functional MMP2 promoter polymorphism (-C1306T) that abolishes a Sp1 binding site and decreases promoter activity will also reduce the protective effects of HP infections in EA risk. Methods: HP status was determined in 98 EA patients and 101 age and gender matched healthy controls, using a commercially available serum immunoblotting kit (Helicoblot 2.1, Genelabs Diagnostics) that measures ever, current, CagA+ and VacA+ HP infections. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan. Data were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression. Results: 39% of cases and 44% of controls (P=0.69) had MMP2 variants (T/T or C/T). 36% of cases and 42% of controls were ever HP infected (P= 0.35). In individuals carrying the MMP2 wild type (CC) genotype, ever HP infection was strongly protective against EA [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.32: 95% CI, 0.13–0.75; P=0.008]. In contrast, in individuals carrying the MMP2 variants that are associated with lower promoter activity, this protective effect was lost (OR 1.76; 95% CI, 0.06–5.2; P= 0.30). Similar results were found when evaluating the MMP2 and current, CagA or VacA infection. Statistical interactions between MMP2 genotype and ever HP infection (P=0.027) and between MMP2 genotype and VacA+ infection (P= 0.035) were significant. Conclusions: We are the first to report that host factors such as the MMP2 polymorphism modulate the role of HP infection in EA susceptibility. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".