Impact of genotype and parent origin on the efficacy and optimal timing of GA4/7 stem injections in a lodgepole pine seed orchard
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seed orchards play a critical role in reforestation, but often struggle to consistently produce enough seed. A mixture of the less polar gibberellins, GA 4 and GA 7 , has been shown to promote flowering in Pinaceae species, but the responses vary significantly based on species, genotype and provenance, application method, timing and dosage. Previous studies with lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) suggest that the response to exogenous GA 4/7 varied among genotypes. Gibberellins also play a critical role in seed development and germination but it remains unclear how exogenous GA 4/7 will affect seed quality. We used 25 lodgepole pine genotypes in a commercial seed orchard in Alberta, Canada to explore the impact of genotype and geographic origin on the efficacy and optimal timing of GA 4/7 stem injections to promote female cone bud initiation, cones and seed production. Overall, we found that GA 4/7 stem injections promoted female conelets in 40% of genotypes included in this study. For these 10 genotypes, we found that the latitude of their provenance was positively correlated with later effective application times. Of the remaining 15 genotypes, five were hypersensitive to exogenous GA 4/7 showing needle discolouration and loss, and 10 genotypes showed no response. In general, stem-injected GA 4/7 did not affect the number of seeds per cone while two genotypes showed a reduced seed yield and one genotype showed increased seed yield per cone. Seed weights were not affected by the stem-injected GA 4/7 , while the July application date resulted in higher germination rates compared to control trees.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".