Spring Versus Summer Spruce Stocktypes of Western Canada: Nursery Development and Field Performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This article summarizes information on the performance of spring versus summer spruce (Picea glauca, Picea engelmannii) stocktypes grown in western Canada. The spring planted stocktype is grown over one growing season in the nursery, hardened in late summer, goes through acclimation in the fall, lifted within a fairly broad window in late fall and early winter when it is considered winter-hardened, and then frozen-stored until planting in the spring This stocktype is planted across a fairly broad spring planting window. In contrast, the summer planted stocktype is grown over one or two growing seasons in the nursery, lifted during late spring to early summer for planting in a narrow planting window in mid summer. These stocktypes are quite different in their phenology during final stages of nursery development, through stock quality assessment and initial performance in the field. For this reason, the discussion centers on comparing important morphological and physiological attributes between these two stocktypes. The stocktype used for spring planting programs has a high level of stress resistance just after planting (i.e., freezing tolerance: index of injury at -6°C of 11%; drought tolerance: osmotic potential at turgor loss point of -2.2 MPa). This stocktype starts to lose this high level of stress resistance as seedlings break bud and undergo shoot development within weeks of being planted on reforestation sites. The stocktype used for summer planting programs has a low level of stress resistance just after budset (i.e., freezing tolerance: index of injury at -6°C of 43%; drought tolerance: osmotic potential at turgor loss point of -1.6 MPa). This stocktype has a rapidly changing phenology resulting in an increasing level of stress resistance and decreasing growth potential (primarily in the root system), whether budset is induced naturally or by a short-day cultural treatment. Thus, timing of lifting plays a critical role in the success of summer stocktypes. The spring-plant stocktype has both shoot and root growth, while the summer-plant stocktype only root growth during the first season on a reforestation site. During the second growing season, both stocktypes have a similar pattern of shoot and root growth across the growing season. West. J. Appl. For. 18(4):267–275.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".