An ongoing WE: A focused ethnographic study of the relationship between child and hospital clown during recurrent pain‐related procedures and conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim: This study explored the interaction between child and hospital clown during recurrent hospitalizations for repeated pain-related procedures and conditions. Background: Despite improvements in the management of pain in hospitalized children, procedural pain in particular is a common experience for hospitalized children, and they continue to report undertreated pain. Hospital clowns are widely used as a nonpharmacological intervention in hospitalized children. Little research has examined the influence of hospital clowns during recurrent hospitalizations on repeated painful procedures. Design and methods: Ethnographic fieldwork using focused ethnography was conducted. Data were collected during October-December 2017 using participant observation and informal interviews with children at one pediatric unit at a Danish university hospital. Data include 61 interactions between children aged 4-14 years and hospital clowns. The participants comprised 13 children undergoing recurrent hospitalizations. The data were coded using thematic analysis, and the research team verified the resulting themes. Results: . The WE was characterized by a responsive interaction between the child and clown, which evolved over the course of an ongoing relationship. Conclusion: This study demonstrates how an ongoing WE was constructed with children during repeated painful procedures and conditions. Specifically, the study emphasizes the importance of developing a trusting relationship on the child's terms. Children seemed to experience enhanced coping with painful procedures during the recurring hospital clown encounters, thus reinforcing their competence and hope for coping with future painful procedures. These findings may improve psychosocial care for hospitalized children undergoing repeated painful procedures and conditions and may facilitate multidisciplinary initiatives, such as nurses' advocacy for the inclusion of hospital clowns during recurrent hospitalizations for repeated painful procedures to ensure optimal pain management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".