Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Biliary Drainage: A Tailored Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) remains the gold standard method to achieve biliary drainage (BD) in cases of obstruction, some situations preclude this option. Alternatively, percutaneous BD is associated with a number of limitations and more recently associated risks have been found to be higher than those with nonconventional interventions such as endoscopic ultrasound-guided BD (EUS-BD). EUS-BD encompasses a number of interventions and approaches depending on the underlying cause and position of obstruction. We present a case series of six cases where EUS-BD was used when ERCP was not possible or failed at a tertiary care academic center. We also describe the different types of EUS-BD based on the nomenclature that has been proposed by the Asian EUS group (AEG). In all the cases that were presented, EUS-BD was successful with no complications or adverse events. The intervention resulted in resolution of biliary obstruction and the patients underwent the planned treatment for their underlying disease. In this case series, we introduced the concept of EUS-BD to the nonspecialist and illustrated the variability of the procedure and its agile nature when applied in the right setting and with the proper expertise and the importance of the presence a complete team approach by different specialists when caring for these patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".