Evaluating the Efficacy of a Cognitive Skills Training Program for Spanish-Speaking Adults with Subjective Cognitive Complaints
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Objective The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the efficacy of a five-week Spanish cognitive skills training program on 18 participants with subjective cognitive complaints. Participants and Method Eighteen Spanish-speaking participants completed a series of cognitive and emotional measures pre- and post-training, including objective measures of cognitive functioning (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Spanish-version; MoCA), self-reported mood measures (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI; Beck Anxiety Inventory, BAI-Spanish version), and subjective cognitive complaints questionnaire (Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire, Spanish version). Drawing from existing literature on effective interventions for subjective cognitive impairment (Reijnders et al., 2015), this research focused on delivering a five-week intervention program in Spanish, which included psychoeducation on cognition, cognitive strategy training, and applied practice of mindfulness techniques. Furthermore, this intervention incorporated Personalismo and indirect communication, which was applied by engaging with participants in a warm and culturally appropriate manner (Jiménez et al., 2014). Results Participants demonstrated significant improvement in overall MoCA scores. Improvements in subjective cognitive performance, as well as decreases in depression and anxiety (as indicated by the BDI and BAI, respectively) were noted. Results also showed that changes in mood, anxiety, and subjective cognitive performance were not predictive of improvements in MoCA performance, lending support to the hypothesis that skills learned in the program contributed to improved cognitive performance. Conclusions Overall, these results demonstrate that linguistically and culturally tailored psychoeducation regarding cognition, cognitive skills training, and mindfulness, can positively impact subjective and objective cognitive performance, as well as psychological wellbeing among Spanish-speaking adults. References Jiménez, A.L., Alegría, M., Camino-Gaztambide, R.F., & Zayas I, L.V. (2014) Cultural sensitivity: What should we understand about Latinos? In R. Parekh (ed.) The Massachusetts General Hospital Textbook on Diversity and Cultural Sensitivity in Mental Health (pp.61-70). New York, NY: Springer. Rebok, G. W., Ball, K., Guey, L. T., Jones, R. N., Kim, H. Y., King, J. W., … ACTIVE Study Group (2014). Ten-year effects of the advanced cognitive training for independent and vital elderly cognitive training trial on cognition and everyday functioning in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 62(1), 16–24. doi:10.1111/jgs.12607.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".