EFFECTS OF AN ACUTE BOUT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON RISK TAKING
Bibliographic record
Abstract
C.J. Thomson, M.A. Rastad, M.B. Gaetz University of the Fraser Valley, Chilliwack, BC Canada In recent years there has been a great interest in the effects of exercise on cognition, but few have looked at whether physical activity influences risk taking. Exercise increases levels of circulating cortisol and dopamine, both of which have been linked to risk-taking. Exercise has been considered an outlet for impulsive cravings (e.g., through distraction or stimulation of reward pathways), but whether acute exercise actually attenuates or increases risk taking is largely unknown. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of an acute bout of vigorous exercise on factors related to decision-making, including risk taking, reward sensitivity, punishment sensitivity, and behavioural inhibition. METHODS: Healthy (free of psychological or neurological conditions), moderately active males and females (n = 20, 50% females, mean age = 22.4 years, sd = 2.48) performed either a 30-minute bout of cycling at 60% of their maximal power output (determined at baseline) or watched a neutral film. Participants provided saliva samples to measure cortisol pre- and post-intervention for both the neutral and exercise conditions. Following the intervention, participants completed a series of computerized behavioural tasks: the balloon-analogue risk task (BART), the risky gains task, and the STOP-it task. The study employed a repeated measures, crossover design. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in cortisol (m ± SD: 13.39 ± 21.41 ug/dL,p= .013) following the exercise intervention, and a significant decrease in cortisol (-6.11 ± 7.41 ug/dL; p=.002) following the neutral intervention. There were no significant main effects for any of the behavioural tasks, all p> .05. There was a significant interaction between order and condition for the BART (both average and adjusted total balloon pumps, P< .05). The second time performing the BART (regardless of condition) resulted in fewer total pumps (or decreased risk taking). CONCLUSION: Acute exercise did not influence risk taking in the current sample. It may be beneficial to include a practice session of behavioural tasks (namely, the BART) at baseline to decrease the impact of any practice effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".