Very Concise Eight-Port Coupler for Two-Dimensional Beamforming Application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Compact and concise scheme of eight-port couplers without junctions discontinuities, vias, high or low characteristic impedance transmission lines are proposed. The structure is based on a back-to-back double layer microstrip configuration with a common ground in between. Only two half-wavelength microstrips on both layers with two half-wavelength slots in the ground form the complete configurations of the coupler. Remarkably, the property of the coupler at the central frequency is barely sensitive to the width of either the strips or the slots. The satisfying matching, isolation, and directional couplings with equal amplitude can be achieved within a more than 24% fractional bandwidth. An experimental example is fabricated and tested for verification and demonstration, and a satisfying correspondence can be observed between the results of simulated and measured. Besides, another functional example, a two-dimensional beamforming network for a 2×2 array is exemplified to exhibit the application of the eight-port coupler for beamforming.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".