Absence of age-related neurodegenerative changes during SIV infection and treatment in aged macaques
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (CART) has changed HIV infection from a lethal disease to a chronic infection. CART has substantially mitigated infection-associated immunosuppression, related opportunistic infections and HIV encephalitis, nevertheless a substantial percentage of infected individuals are afflicted with a spectrum of HIV-associated neurological disorders (HAND). As approximately 45% of HIV-infected subjects in developed countries are over the age of 50, it has been hypothesized that infection may exacerbate age related neurodegenerative processes. We used the nonhuman primate SIV infection model to test whether chronic infection of aged primates, with or without CART, is associated with accelerated age-related neurodegeneration. Two dozen aged macaques (average age 18 years at entry 20 years at the end) were divided into two groups, half infected with SICmac251 and the other half not. After 10 months, half of each of these groups were either treated or not with CART and followed for an additional 6 months. We previously reported the clinical and neurobehavioural outcome. Here we compared the molecular and histologic findings in the four groups. Using a broad spectrum of histological markers, we found no evidence in the macaques of neuropathological changes associated with aging in humans. While the number of animals is small and length of infection limited, this study does not support the hypothesis that lentiviral infection or treatment accelerates age-related neurodegenerative changes in the primate brain. LEARNING OBJECTIVES This presentation will enable the learner to: 1. Explore current theories on the pathogenesis of lentiviral-related neuropathology 2. Explain limitations of nonhuman primate models of age-related human brain changes
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".