Population genetics of the solanum fruit fly, <i>Bactrocera latifrons</i> (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), is an important pest species of commercial plants in the family Solanaceae. In this study, the population genetic structure of B. latifrons was investigated using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I sequences. A mitochondrial DNA haplotype network revealed no major genetic break, but haplotypes from recently invaded areas in Japan, Tanzania, and Kenya were genetically divergent. The overall haplotype network is approximately star-shaped, characteristic of recent demographic expansion of populations. This is also supported by large negative values of neutrality tests. Despite the overall pattern of recent population history, genetic structure analysis revealed considerable genetic structuring with 33% of pairwise comparisons being significantly different. Populations that were genetically different from the others usually possess low genetic diversity, suggesting that genetic drift is potentially a factor driving genetic differentiation. Local extinction and recolonization processes related to the availability of host plants are most likely responsible for a founder effect and subsequent genetic drift in a population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".