Responses of gut morphology, serum biochemistry, and quality of breast meat to water deprivation in broilers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Responses of growth performance, gut morphology, blood biochemistry, and quality of breast meat to varying lengths of water deprivation were assessed. Ninety broilers were randomly allocated to water deprivation treatments, where water was either supplied ad libitum (0 h) or for 30 min at intervals of 6, 12, 18, and 24 h. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain (ADG) were estimated weekly. Six birds from each treatment were randomly slaughtered. The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were sectioned to determine gut morphology. Breast meat muscles (pectoralis major) were sampled to determine its physicochemical properties. There were linear decreases in ADG (P < 0.01) and ADFI (P < 0.05), crypt depth (P < 0.01) and crypt width (P < 0.05) in the jejunum, villus height (VH) (P < 0.01) and total mucosa thickness (P < 0.05) in the ileum, crude fat (P < 0.05), b*0 (yellowness at 0 h), a*24 (redness at 24 h), and L*24 (lightness at 24 h) (P < 0.01), and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme (P < 0.05) with increases in length of water deprivation. Positive quadratic responses of VH in the duodenum (P < 0.01) and jejunum (P < 0.05) were observed after 7.6 and 19.4 h of water deprivation, respectively. Severe water deprivation periods reduced growth performance, but induced positive growth of VH, suggesting that broilers may adapt to water stress. The appropriate length of water deprivation was 7.64 h.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".