Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper introduces a new bivariate distribution named the bivariate generalized Rayleigh distribution (BVGR). The proposed distribution is of type of Marshall-Olkin (MO) distribution. The BVGR distribution has generalized Rayleigh marginal distributions. The joint cumulative distribution function, the joint survival function, the joint probability density function and the joint hazard rate function of the proposed distribution are obtained in closed forms. Statistical properties of the BVGR distribution are investigated. The maximum likelihood and Bayes methods are applied to estimate the unknown parameters. Both maximum likelihood and Bayes estimates are not obtained analytically. Therefore, numerical algorithms are required to report on the model parameters and its reliability characteristics. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is applied for the Bayesian method. A real data set is analyzed using the proposed distribution and compared it with existing distributions. It is observed that the BVGR model fits this dataset better than the MO and the bivariate generalized exponential (BVGE) distributions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".