Coordination of humoral immune factors dictates compatibility between <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> and <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Immune factors in snails of the genus Biomphalaria are critical for combating Schistosoma mansoni , the predominant cause of human intestinal schistosomiasis. Independently, many of these factors are known to play an important role in, but not fully define, the compatibility between the model snail B. glabrata, and S. mansoni . Here, we demonstrate association between four, previously characterized humoral immune molecules; Bg FREP3, Bg TEP1, Bg FREP2 and Biomphalysin. We also identify unique immune determinants in the plasma of S. mansoni -resistant B. glabrata that explain the incompatible phenotype. These factors coordinate to initiate haemocyte-mediated deestruction of S. mansoni sporocysts via production of reactive oxygen species. The inclusion of Bg FREP2 in a Bg FREP3-initiated complex that also includes Bg TEP1 almost completely explains resistance to S. mansoni in this model. Our study unifies many independent lines of investigation to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the snail immune system in the context of infection by this important human parasite.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".