First record of cuticle bands in the stomach ossicles of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815) (Decapoda: Anomura: Lithodidae) from Norway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815) is a large predator intentionally introduced to the Barents Sea and adjacent fjords in the 1960s. Its establishment has given rise to both a high-value fishery and destructive effects on seafloor habitats and communities. Given the need for accurate information on age, growth, and longevity that could improve management and mitigation strategies for red king crab, developing and testing new aging methods for this and other crustaceans has been an active field of research. We contribute to this test bed by investigating cuticle bands in gastric mill ossicles of male and female red king crabs. Cuticle bands were detectable in most individuals studied and maximum cuticle band count was 13 for males (N = 62, 38–180 mm carapace length (CL)) and 9 for females (N = 34, size range 80–147 mm CL). There was large variation of size-at-band count and band count-at-size data. The number of cuticle bands generally increased with CL in male red king crabs; low sample size and small size range in females prevented seeing any trend. Exploring calcein staining in a sub-sample of the crabs suggested uptake of the stain, yet without a clearly defined mark, and showed deposition of ossicular material beyond the calcein stain in the subsequent year. We recommend research on the mechanism generating band deposition to shed light on how and when bands are formed as the basis for testing whether the cuticle bands may reflect chronological (specifically annual) age. Specifically, we recommend long-term maintenance of crabs, study of both moults and newly formed ossicle structures, as well as stringent testing of band periodicity with known-age crabs, including all size classes and both sexes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".