Coverage and Rate Analysis for Vertical Heterogeneous Networks (VHetNets)
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we leverage concepts from stochastic geometry to investigate the downlink performance of a vertical heterogeneous network (VHetNet) comprising aerial base stations (ABSs) and terrestrial base stations (TBSs). We model the ABSs as a 2D Poisson point process (PPP) deployed at a particular altitude while the TBSs are modelled as a 2D PPP deployed on the ground. The proposed analytical framework adopts an appropriate air-to-ground (A2G) channel model that incorporates line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) transmissions. We begin the main technical part of the analysis by deriving analytical expressions for the distribution of the distances between a typical user and the closest LoS ABS, NLoS ABS, and TBS. After that, we derive expressions for the probabilities that a typical user is associated with a NLoS ABS, LoS ABS, or TBS. Under the assumption that A2G and terrestrial channels experience Nakagami-m fading with different m parameters, we derive an expression for the Laplace transform of interference power. Furthermore, we derive exact and approximate analytical expressions for the coverage probability and achievable rate. We show that these approximations match the simulations with negligible errors for small SINR thresholds and m parameters of Nakagami-m fading.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it