Electrochemical Detection of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Quorum Sensing Molecules at a Liquid|Liquid Interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pose a serious risk to patients suffering from a compromised immune system and those patients with cystic fibrosis. Confirming their presence often requires culturing the bacteria, which can take days. Herein is proposed a rapid electrochemical detection method based on P. aeruginosa-generated small molecules employed for chemical communication, referred to as quorum sensing (QS) molecules, within the biofilm formed by the bacteria; specifically, 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (HHQ) and 2-heptyl-3,4-dihydroxyquinoline (pseudomonas quinolone signal, PQS). This method does not depend on the redox activity of the QS molecules. Instead, as a proof-of-concept, electrochemical monitoring was achieved through aqueous alkali metal ion and proton interfacial complexation with organic-solubilized HHQ and PQS at an interface between two immiscible electrolytic solutions, specifically, between water and 1,2-dichloroethane. The proton/HHQ and proton/PQS binding stoichiometries were discovered to be 1:3 and 1:2, respectively, which is likely due to the relatively high concentrations of QS molecules employed. Owing to the biphasic nature of the methodology, experimental complications due to the poor solubility of the hydrophobic QS molecules in aqueous media were avoided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".