Triggered star formation in a cometary atomic/molecular cloud in the Cep OB3 association
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT We present a study of a small atomic/molecular cometary cloud associated with the infrared source IRAS 23153+6938. The cloud is located 70 pc from the massive O-type stars in the Cepheus OB3 association, and is very likely an excellent example of triggered star formation via radiation-driven implosion (RDI). The cloud was studied using $\rm{H\,\small{I}}$ and 12CO data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS) and infrared observations from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) telescope. The molecular mass is approximately MH2 = 350 ± 45 M$\odot$, and we find that the single IRAS source is actually the centre of a small cluster of class I and class II young stellar objects (YSOs). To compare with theory, we make reasonable estimates for the cometary cloud’s initial conditions and find that the cloud is located within the correct theoretical phase space for RDI to occur. In addition, both the morphology of the cloud and the location of different YSO classes relative to the cloud match what would be expected for RDI. We conclude that RDI is the most likely explanation for star formation within the cloud, and we suggest that similar studies of molecular clouds associated with nearby OB associations may be able to identify comparable examples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".