Programmable, electroforming-free TiO<sub>x</sub>/TaO<sub>x</sub> heterojunction-based non-volatile memory devices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electroforming-free resistive switching in memristors is essential to reliably achieving the performance of high switching speed, high endurance, good signal retention, and low power consumption expected for next-generation computing devices. Although there have been various approaches to resolve the issues observed with the electroforming process in oxide-based memory devices, most of them end up having high SET and RESET voltages and short lifetimes. We present a heterojunction interface of oxygen-vacancy-defect-rich ultrananocrystalline TiOx and TaOx films used as the switching matrix, which enables high-quality electroforming-free switching with a much lower programming voltage (+0.5-0.8 V), a high endurance of over 104 cycles and good retention performance with an estimated device lifetime of over 10 years. The electroforming-free switching behavior is governed by migration of oxygen vacancies driven by electric field localization that is imposed by the ultrananocrystalline nature of the TaOx film, serving as the switching matrix, with the TiOx film serving as an additional oxygen vacancy source to reduce the overall resistivity of TaOx and provide low-bias rectification. The ability to perform electroforming-free resistive switching along with excellent switching repeatability and retention capabilities for various digital and analog programmable voltages enables high scalability and large density integration of the cross-bar ReRAM framework.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".