Barriers of Adolescents' Access to Reproductive and Sexual Health Services in Iran: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Adolescence is an important period in human life and the low-level access of adolescents to reproductive and sexual health services is a concern because preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic services are needed for healthy sexual and reproductive behaviors. This study was conducted with the aim of considering the barriers against adolescent access to reproductive and sexual health services in Iran. Materials and Methods: All Iranian qualitative and quantitative studies which were published without time limit were entered in this systematic review article. The investigation was performed in the international databases such as Scopus, Medline, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library and national databases such as Magiran, SID, IranDoc, and Barakat Knowledge Network System. Keywords were selected based on the Mesh and include: Youth, Teenager, Adolescent health service, and Iran, combined with the Boolean OR and AND operators. Ultimately, two researchers reviewed articles for the quality appraisal (Newcastle-Ottawa tool for observational studies and JBI-QARI tool for qualitative studies), and extracted their main findings, independently. Results: Finally, 10 articles (with 1,933 population) that comprised including criteria were selected. Articles were quantitative (n=8), and qualitative (n=2) types and their year of publication varied from 2009 to 2018. Barriers against adolescent access to reproductive and sexual health services were classified into four main categories (individual barriers, structural barriers, social barriers, and policy barriers). Conclusion: Based on the results, the barriers of adolescent access to reproductive and sexual health services include individual, structural, social, and policy barriers. Because the development of adolescents’ demands is crucial for all societies, through identification and removal of these barriers, we can promote the access of the youth to adolescent health services.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".