Size Effect in RC T-Beams Strengthened in Shear with Externally Bonded CFRP Sheets: Experimental Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerous investigations have addressed the size effect on the shear behavior of conventional reinforced concrete (RC) beams. In contrast, very few studies have been dedicated to the size effect of RC beams strengthened in shear with externally bonded (EB) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation conducted on 18 RC T-beam specimens of three different sizes to study the size effect on concrete shear strength at failure of RC beams strengthened in shear with EB carbon FRP (CFRP) sheets. The specimens were divided into two groups, with and without internal transverse steel, and six series, each consisting of small, medium, and large beams as follows: two series of control (unstrengthened) specimens, two series of specimens strengthened in shear with one-ply EB-CFRP sheets in a U-wrap configuration, and two series of specimens strengthened in shear with two plies of EB-CFRP sheets in a U-wrap configuration. The results clearly revealed the presence of a size effect on both the concrete and CFRP sheet contribution to shear resistance. For strengthened specimens without internal transverse steel, the size effect was found to be magnified as the CFRP sheet stiffness increased. This was not the case for beams strengthened with transverse steel, where the size effect behavior reduced considerably due to the interaction between internal transverse steel and EB-CFRP sheets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".