Quality and Safety of Pediatric Inpatient Care in Community Hospitals: A Scoping Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although the majority of children are hospitalized in nonchildren's hospitals, little is known about the quality and safety of pediatric care in community hospitals. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review and synthesize literature on the quality and safety of pediatric inpatient care in United States community hospitals. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search in October 2016 to identify pediatric studies that reported on safety, effectiveness, efficiency, timeliness, patient-centeredness, or equity set in general, nonuniversity, or nonchildren's hospitals. We extracted data on study design, patient descriptors, and quality outcomes and assessed the risk of bias using modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scales. RESULTS: A total of 44 articles met the inclusion criteria. Study designs, patient populations, and quality outcome measures were heterogeneous; only three clinical domains, (1) perinatal regionalization, (2) telemedicine, and (3) imaging radiation, were explored in multiple studies with consistent directionality of results. A total of 30 studies were observational, and 22 studies compared community hospital quality outcomes with other hospital types. The remaining 14 studies reported testing of interventions; 12 showed improved quality of care postintervention. All studies reported an outcome addressing safety, effectiveness, or efficiency, whereas timeliness, patient-centeredness, and equity were infrequently addressed. Risk of bias was moderate or high for 72% of studies. CONCLUSIONS: Literature on the inpatient care of children in community hospitals is limited, making it difficult to evaluate healthcare quality. Measures of timeliness, patient-centeredness, and equity are underrepresented. The field would benefit from more multicenter collaborations to facilitate the application of robust study designs and to enable a systematic assessment of individual interventions and community hospital quality outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.035 | 0.173 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.023 | 0.020 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".