KINETICS, EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES ON REMOVAL OF IONIC DYES USING A NOVEL NONCONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED CARBON
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The feasibility of activated carbon prepared from Euphorbia Tirucalli wood using H3PO4 for the removal of Malachite Green (Cationic) and DirectBlue (Anionic) dyes was investigated. The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature onto ETAC were studied.Equilibrium isotherms and kinetics were investigated and the experimental data fitted well with the Langmuir model. The maximum monolayeradsorption capacities of ETAC were found to be 181.81 mg/g and 138.88 mg/g for MG and DB respectively. The kinetic data obtained were analyzedusing pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intra particle diffusion models. Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated and suggesting thespontaneous and endothermic nature of physisorption. Activation energy for the adsorption of MG and DB were 12.1402 kJ/mole and 28.8484kJ/mole
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".