Modeling human gene variants that affect WNT signalling in the chicken embryo
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study of rare genetic diseases provides valuable insights into human gene function. The chicken embryo was used as a model to investigate the role of WNT signaling in skeletogenesis and to elucidate the functional consequences of mutations in dominant Robinow Syndrome (RS). RS mutations affect non-canonical WNT signaling that controls a variety of developmental events to regulate convergent extension, cell polarity, and cytoskeletal rearrangement. RS is characterized by short stature, mesomelic limb shortening, hypertelorism, and mandibular hypoplasia. Mutations in dominant RS occur in several components of the non-canonical WNT signaling pathway, and this study is focusing on two mutations in WNT5A ligand (WNT family member) and three mutations in Dishevelled1 (DVL1), a protein that relays WNT signals intracellularly. We delivered the human genes to the chicken embryo using replication competent retroviruses (RCAS) and analyzed morphologic, cellular, and molecular effects in the forelimbs and mandible. Misexpression of mutants in dominant RS led to a shortening of the forelimb and mandible and caused polarity disruptions in the chondrocytes that were not seen in the GFP virus controls. The variants were unable to activate canonical WNT signaling and over-activated non-canonical WNT signaling, demonstrating the importance of non-canonical WNT signaling in skeletogenesis. Dominant RS mutations have dominant neomorphic effects on chondrogenesis that interfere with the function of the wild-type protein. This work establishes that the dominant effect of the mutations leads to elevated non-canonical WNT signaling and randomizes the distribution of planar cell polarity molecules of which produces shortened skeletal elements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".