Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Structure of Coal Gangue after Aqueous Solution Treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Coal gangue, a solid waste produced in coal production, had caused serious environmental pollution due to accumulation on dumps. Embankment filling can solve the problem while significantly consuming the amount of coal waste for mining. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties and microscopic structure of coal gangue when it is subjected to erosion from water environment with different acidity. Using immersion testing to evaluate its stability in different hydro-chemical environments. Mechanical property parameters of coal gangue treated by solutions were investigated. The action microstructure of coal gangue was revealed through a series of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The results show that acidic solution behaved better improvement effect on compressive modulus and fraction of coal gangue samples owing to the generation of quartz and the reduction of aluminum, dissolving of some substances, and transforming of small scattered angular grains through soaking treatment. Alkalinity treatment can be chosen to improve cohesion of coal gangue as a result of polymeric silicon aluminum salt, with high viscosity, was produced by chemical reaction during immersion. Therefore, aqueous solution treatment contributes to engineering properties and presents great potential in both supplement road building materials and recycling of coal gangue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".