Bibliographic record
Abstract
CPTPP’s chapter on government procurement will bring about a significant change to international liberalisation of procurement markets in Trans-Pacific dimension. Previous procurement-related commitments in the region were very limited. Only four of the CPTPP signatories are bound by the GPA. Procurement-related commitment within the ASEAN have been very limited. APEC’s procurement principles have been non-binding. Procurement markets were largely closed until the conclusion of the TSEP/ P4 and until recent proliferation of procurement chapters in bilateral agreements directly preceding the conclusion of the CPTPP. CPTPP’s procedural provisions largely repeat provisions of the GPA with only minor modifications. Major deficiencies in CPTPP’s coverage can be seen in some parties’ refusal to cover sub-central agencies (Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, United States and Vietnam) and utilities services (Canada, Mexico, Vietnam) as well as in transition periods (exceeding even twenty years) for decreasing value-thresholds of procurement chapter’s application to standard levels (Malaysia and Vietnam). In terms of allowed integration of non-commercial considerations in procurement process, the CPTPP allows advancing sustainability-related goals to a greater extent than the GPA. At the same time, country-specific derogations allow advancing extensive traditional protectionist industrial policies, particularly by granting significant set-asides from CPTPP’s procurement-related obligations (Mexico and Vietnam).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".