leaves of averrhoabilimbi as a superior low cost adsorbent for lead ii removal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1. Abstract Bilimbi leaves (BL) as a low-cost adsorbent were effectively used to remove leadPb(II) from aqueous solution in a batch adsorption experiment. The effects of multiple parameters such as pH, ionic strength and contact time were also thoroughly investigated and optimal experimental conditions were ascertained. Based on the isotherm studies on the adsorption of Pb(II) onto BL, the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be1597.63 mg/g. Kinetic studies implicated that the adsorption data were best designated by the pseudo second order and the adsorption process of Pb(II) was concluded to be exothermic and it occurred spontaneously from thermodynamic study. While, regeneration studyshowed that base treatment was able to regenerate and improve the adsorption capability of BL. Based on the overall data obtained in this study, BL proves to be a potential low-cost material and could be employed as low-cost alternatives in wastewater treatment for the removal ofPb(II). 2. Keywords: Adsorption;Bilimbi leaves;Heavy metals; Lead; Regeneration
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".