The Effect of Repetitive Head Impact in Sensory Reweighting in Collision College Athletes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To compare sensory reweighting for upright stance between collegiate collision and non-contact sport athletes. Background The potentially adverse effects of repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure through routine collision sport participation have become a major public health concerns. Design/Methods Thirty male collegiate athletes were grouped by sport type, including collision (n = 15, 21.2 ± 2 years, 85.9 ± 13.8 kg, 179.7 ± 8.2 cm) and non-contact (n = 15, 20.8 ± 2.1 years, 72.9 ± 4.8 kg, 178.3 ± 4.3 cm) sport athletes. Participants underwent a standing balance assessment; they experienced simultaneous perturbations to visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems. The visual stimulus consisted of 500 pyramids displayed on a virtual reality cave and translated in the anterior-posterior direction at 0.2 Hz in a sinusoidal waveform. The vestibular stimulus consisted of binaural-monopolar galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) at 0.36 Hz in a sinusoidal waveform. The somatosensory stimulus consisted of bilateral Achilles’ tendon vibration at 0.28 Hz in a square waveform with equal on/off times. Different frequencies were chosen for each modality so that we could calculate the gain to each stimulus independently. There were four conditions: two conditions of each high amplitude (0.2 m) and low amplitude (0.8 m) visual scene translation and two conditions of each vibration on and vibration off. The leg segment gain to each modality was compared between groups and across conditions using a repeated-measures ANOVA. Results There were no changes in leg segment gain to vision (i.e. group effect; F = 2.624, p = 0.094, η2 = 0.086), gain to GVS (F = 1.341, p = 0.266, η2 = 0.46), or gain to vibration (F = 3.124, p = 0.088, η2 = 0.100). In addition, there were no changes in sensory reweighting for any modality (i.e. condition X group effect; vision, F = 0.074, p = 0.788, η2 = 0.003; GVS, F = 0.547, p = 0.46, η2 = 0.019; vibration, F = 0.734, p = 0.399, η2 = 0.026). Conclusions Our findings suggest that there are no differences in sensory reweighting between collegiate collision and non-contact sport athletes. Despite concerns that RHI exposure through routine collision sport participation may result in balance disturbances, our results do not support this association.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".