Establishing the Normal References of High-Resolution Esophageal Manometric Measurements in Southeast Asian Population: A Pilot Project
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of our pilot study is to provide preliminary data to form high resolution manometry (HRM) reference values for a Southeast Asian population. A secondary objective is to detect if variables, such as patient position, influence esophageal manometric profiles. Methods: We performed esophageal manometry on 23 consecutive, asymptomatic patients using HRM. HRM was performed using the A100 esophageal manometry probe for ManoScan 360 (Sierra Scientific). Measurements were taken at rest and with 10 wet swallows, using 5 cc water boluses in both the upright and supine (head inclined at 30 degree) positions. Data were analyzed using ManoView (Sierra Scientific) and Excel (Microsoft) software packages. Mean values for LES basal pressure, esophageal length, wave ampliture pressure front velocity, and distal contractile integrals were calculated. Results: A total of 23 asymptomatic Southeast Asian patients were evaluated. The mean LES basal pressures were 12.9 and 19.4 mm Hg, mean esophageal lengths were 26.5 and 25.0 cm, mean wave amplitudes were 74.2 and 82.9mm Hg, mean pressure front velocities were 3.4 and 1.9 cm/s, and mean distal contractile integrals were 4140.7 and 7987.8 mm Hg cm s, in the upright and supine positions respectively. These were consistently within the Chicago Classification. Secondly, in the supine position compared to upright, esophageal lengths were shorter, wave amplitudes stronger, pressure front velocities slower, and distal contractile integrals larger, but not significantly. Conclusion: The normal reference ranges for HR esophageal manometry in Southeast Asian patients do not seem to differ from the established Chicago Classification. HR measurements in the supine position trends towards stronger contractions and slower velocities, suggesting that a standardized protocol should be adopted at centres performing HRM. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate findings of this pilot study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".