Vitamin D Insufficiency is Frequent in Both IBD Patients and Controls While Patient Families are More Replete
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Previously, vitamin D insufficiency in IBD was suggested to increase risk of disease activity. We hypothesize that vit D insufficiency may be more prevalent in IBD families thus increasing IBD risk both dietetically in addition to genetics. Methods: We undertook a prospective observational study of vit D in patients (PTS, CD and UC, 90% remission), 1o family compared to matched healthy controls (CT) and 1o families (not matched to PTS families), (Jan 2008-May 1, 2010, Ethics approved). A diet questionnaire was completed (including Vit D, Ca, dairy foods and supplemnets of Vit D and Ca) and blood tests were drawn (CBC, biochemistry, Ca, and serum Vit D 25 (OH) [RIA kit])[replete ≥75nmol/l, insufficient 50-74nmol/l, deficient <50nmol/l] noting seasons [Oct-April, May-Sept]. Patients Vit D levels were compared: CD vs UC; PTS to CT and IBD family units [PTS + 1o family] and CT family units [CT + 1o family]. Statistical analysis was carried out using t-tests and regression with log Vit D, α was set at 0.05. Results: 55 PTS [34 CD, 21 UC], 48 CT, and 1o degree family (PTS, N55 + CT, N48) were recruited. Family unit analysis showed a modest vit D correlation within families (PTS and family r2=0.24; CT and family r2=0.29; NS). Demography: PTS: 62% male, μ age 41.5, 95% Caucasian, 51% Jewish; CT: 79% male, μ age 39.6, 79% Caucasian, 42% Jewish. BMI (PTS) was 24.6 [range 18.8-34.4], (CT) 25.7 [18.8-64.1]. PTS μ duration was 5.7, [0.1-47] yrs. Site of CD: 58% small bowel 42% colon alone and UC: 81% pancolitis. Of all PTS, 15% were on steroids, 42% Aza, 11% on biologics and 27% postsurgery (93%CD). Total Vit D intake was 718 ± 555 IU [PTS] and 917 ± 1028 [CT] (NS). Overall Vit D 25 (OH) nmol/L, (PTS vs CT NS): PTS: 71.2 ± 32.8, Family: 82.3 ± 34.2, CT: 68.3 ± 26.2 and Family: 69.9 ± 27.6.CD and UC PTS had similar values. 53% PTS and 63% CT had Vit D <75 nmol/L, 31% PTS and 23% CT were < 50nmol/L (all NS). When PTS and Family Vit D levels were paired, the difference was significantly different from 0 (p = 0.016). Levels of Vit D were significantly (p< 0.05) influenced in univariate analysis by season (sunny mo.: μ= 76.1±30, sunny- mo; μ=64.8±28.7nmol/L, p=0.046), vacation 1mo prior to test (only 8 subjects in PTS and CT), Jewish ethnicity, total and dietary intake of calcium. In multivariable regression for Vit D including PTS and CT, vacation 1mo prior to test (p=0.002), total calcium intake (p=0.02) and season (p=0.098) remained in the model. Conclusion: Prevalence of vit D insufficiency is high in both PTS and CT. Contrary to our expectations, family members of IBD patients have higher Vit D levels and are more often replete than patients. The explanation for this observation is not readily apparent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".