Characteristics and Prevalence of Premature Ventricular Complex: A Telemedicine Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Premature ventricular complex (PVC) is the etiology of cardiomyopathy known as PVC-induced cardiomyopathy. Various studies have shown certain characteristics that predispose to cardiomyopathy. Present study was the first community-based study conducted to determine the characteristics and prevalence of PVC in certain population, especially Makassar City. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional study method conducted from June 2017 to May 2018 using data from Telemedicine Electrocardiogram (ECG) at Hasanuddin University Hospital. The characteristics of PVC were QRS PVC duration, coupling interval (CI), PVC morphology in lead V1. RESULTS: We calculated 8,847 ECGs, and found 98 ECGs with PVC (1.1%). Incidence of PVC was higher in women than men (52%). Characteristics of PVC with QRS duration include < 140 ms (45.9%); 140 - 159 ms (31.6%); and > 160 ms (22.4%), respectively; and PVC with CI < 300 ms (2%), CI 300 - 599 ms (88%), and CI > 600 ms (10%). Left bundle branch block (LBBB) and right bundle branch block (RBBB) morphology were found in (76.5%) and (19.4%) subjects in turn. Statistically, QRS PVC duration and PVC morphology showed significant differences based on age group (sequentially, P = 0.012 and P = 0.014). While gender only showed a significant difference in QRS PVC duration (P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PVC in the population of Makassar City is similar to the prevalence in other general populations. There are differences in the distribution and prevalence of PVC based on their characteristics according to age group and gender.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".