How do Syrian refugee women seek and find work? A feminist grounded analysis of work integration experiences in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Close to 58,000 Syrian refugees have resettled in Canada since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011. Half of these are women. When guaranteed income supports cease (provided for up to one year by governments and private sponsorship groups), the women need to become self-sufficient by seeking out and securing employment. However, labor market barriers, including lack of language proficiency, Canadian work experience, discrimination, and credential recognition often intersect to impede integration into safe and decent work. Much of the research on labour market barriers has homogenized the experience of other immigrants with refugees and to date, there is limited understanding of employment experiences of refugee women in particular. In addition, few studies have examined conditions outside of labour market barriers that may shape employment experiences. \nThis dissertation research utilized a qualitative research design guided by feminist grounded theory to examine Syrian refugee women’s experience of seeking and finding employment in Canada. Briefly, the objectives of this research were: to explore women’s employment integration process, identify challenges to securing employment, the influence of settlement policy and programming in shaping the women’s employment, to understand changing gender roles, and to identify potential avenues and strategies to promote employment integration. Three manuscripts addressed these objectives drawing on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 20 Syrian refugee women arriving through four resettlement streams and 9 key informants working in the settlement agency sector. \nFindings revealed how the women experienced multiple and intersecting conditions and barriers that pushed them into low-waged, low-skilled, precarious positions in informal and feminized sectors. The settlement stream through which refugees enter Canada, the influence of settlement agencies, the women’s gender and family role, social support networks, navigating a new economic context, and whether the women arrived with certain skills (e.g. language) and resources are examples of conditions that facilitated or hindered employment opportunities. Drawing on these conditions, a new framework is proposed to understand employment integration of refugees in Canada. This framework highlights common pathways to employment and points to area for improvement and recommendation to help mediate challenges and promote a positive resettlement experience for all refugees.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.032 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".