Effects of smoking cessation on HDLfunctionality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective Cigarette smoking is positively correlated with the morbidity of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It was reported that reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality is one of the causes of CVD. In this study, we hypothesized that smoking cessation could lead to improved HDL functions, and evaluated the cholesterol efflux capacity, antioxidative capacity of HDL in participants before and after smoking cessation. Methods Thirty-two Japanese adult smokers aged were enrolled for treatment at the Smoking Cessation Clinic of Fukuoka University Hospital. Participants either received varenicline for 12 weeks or wore a transdermal nicotine patch on their chest for 8 weeks. Successful smoking cessation was identified by both a self-assessment report and the end-expiratory carbon monoxide (CO) concentration (under 8ppm). Plasma lipid profiles, plasma and HDL malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, HDL subfractions as analyzed by capillary isotachophoresis, cholesterol efflux capacity and antioxidative capacity of HDL were measured before and after this intervention. Results After smoking cessation, HDL-C, apoA-I levels and HDL subfractions did not significantly change. Nevertheless, cholesterol efflux capacity and the antioxidative capacity of HDL were significantly improved in the successful smoking cessation group. The extent of the changes in cholesterol efflux capacity and antioxidative capacity of HDL correlated with those in the end-expiratory CO concentration and MDA in HDL, respectively. Conclusions Our findings indicate that cigarette smoking impairs HDL function and smoking cessation restores it. This may be one of the mechanisms by which smoking cessation has beneficial effects against CVD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".