Current status of classical biological control of <i>Cirsium arvense</i> in New Zealand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cirsium arvense (L) Scop (Californian Canada or creeping thistle) is an exotic perennial herb that successfully established in New Zealand (NZ) approximately 130 years ago and is now considered one of the worst invasive weeds in NZ arable and pastoral systems Two insects Cassida rubiginosa and Ceratapion onopordi were recently released for classical biological control Studies carried out from 2006 to 2009 in both the native (Europe) and introduced (NZ) ranges of the plant aimed to quantify C arvense growth characteristics and assess incidence of the specialised rust pathogen Puccinia punctiformis in regions with and without the supposed pathogen vector C onopordi In permanent field plots natural enemies were excluded with insecticides and fungicides and compared with controls The impact of C rubiginosa was also assessed under different pasture competition scenarios The survey data indicate that C arvense expresses similar growth characteristics in both ranges and that incidence of the rust pathogen is similar in both ranges regardless of the presence of C onopordi The data suggest that the overall suite of natural enemies is capable of exerting some regulating influence on the plant in its native range but that the released biocontrol agents will not likely have a significant impact on this weed in NZ
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".