Phytochemical Characterization of Wild Hops (Humulus lupulus ssp. lupuloides) Germplasm Resources From the Maritimes Region of Canada
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A survey was conducted in the Maritimes region of eastern Canada to measure the phytochemical diversity of prenylchalcone, soft resins (alpha & beta acids) and flavonol constituents from 30 unique wild-growing populations of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) Based on cone chemometrics the majority of accessions (63.3%) are native Humulus lupulus ssp. lupoloides, with cones containing both xanthogalenol and 4’O-methyl xanthohumol as chemotaxonomic indicator molecules. Interestingly, the leaves of all verified Humulus lupulus ssp. lupulus accessions accumulated high proportions (> 0.20 total flavonols) of two acylated flavonol derivatives (Kaempferol-3-O-(6”-O-malonyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside; Quercetin-3-O-(6”-O-malonyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside), both previously unreported from hops leaves. The native lupuloides accessions examined possess only trace amounts of this compound in their leaves (< 0.10 total flavonols), suggesting its potential utility as a novel, leaf-derived chemotaxonomic marker for subspecies identification purposes. A leaf-derived taxonomic marker is useful for identifying wild-growing accessions, as leaves are present throughout the entire growing season, whereas cones are only produced late in summer. Additionally the collection of cones from 10 meter tall wild plants in overgrown riparian habitats is often difficult. The total levels of alpha acids, beta acids, and prenylchalcones in wild-collected Maritimes lupuloides cones are markedly higher than those previously reported for lupuloides individuals in the westernmost extent of its native range and show potentially valuable traits for future cultivar development, while some may be worthy of immediate commercial release. The accessions will be maintained as a core germplasm resource for future cultivar development.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it