Phytochemical Characterization of Wild Hops (Humulus lupulus ssp. lupuloides) Germplasm Resources From the Maritimes Region of Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A survey was conducted in the Maritimes region of eastern Canada to measure the phytochemical diversity of prenylchalcone, soft resins (alpha & beta acids) and flavonol constituents from 30 unique wild-growing populations of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) Based on cone chemometrics the majority of accessions (63.3%) are native Humulus lupulus ssp. lupoloides, with cones containing both xanthogalenol and 4’O-methyl xanthohumol as chemotaxonomic indicator molecules. Interestingly, the leaves of all verified Humulus lupulus ssp. lupulus accessions accumulated high proportions (> 0.20 total flavonols) of two acylated flavonol derivatives (Kaempferol-3-O-(6”-O-malonyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside; Quercetin-3-O-(6”-O-malonyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside), both previously unreported from hops leaves. The native lupuloides accessions examined possess only trace amounts of this compound in their leaves (< 0.10 total flavonols), suggesting its potential utility as a novel, leaf-derived chemotaxonomic marker for subspecies identification purposes. A leaf-derived taxonomic marker is useful for identifying wild-growing accessions, as leaves are present throughout the entire growing season, whereas cones are only produced late in summer. Additionally the collection of cones from 10 meter tall wild plants in overgrown riparian habitats is often difficult. The total levels of alpha acids, beta acids, and prenylchalcones in wild-collected Maritimes lupuloides cones are markedly higher than those previously reported for lupuloides individuals in the westernmost extent of its native range and show potentially valuable traits for future cultivar development, while some may be worthy of immediate commercial release. The accessions will be maintained as a core germplasm resource for future cultivar development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".